Public Domain Status

other ยท first published 1923

The Sniper (1923), Liam O'Flaherty

Work with a publication date of 1923 and creator life dates recorded in Wikidata.

Public domain in the United States

Direct answer

Status by jurisdiction

United States: Public domain since 2019-01-01 (1 January 2019), under us-published-maximum-term-expired.

United Kingdom: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2055-01-01 (1 January 2055), in 28 years and 3 months, under uk-life-70.

European Union: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2055-01-01 (1 January 2055), in 28 years and 3 months, under eu-life-70.

Canada: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2055-01-01 (1 January 2055), in 28 years and 3 months, under ca-life-70.

Australia: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2055-01-01 (1 January 2055), in 28 years and 3 months, under au-life-70.

Japan: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2055-01-01 (1 January 2055), in 28 years and 3 months, under jp-life-70.

JurisdictionStatusPublic domain dateConfidence
United StatesPublic domain2019-01-01derived
United KingdomIn copyright2055-01-01derived
European UnionIn copyright2055-01-01derived
CanadaIn copyright2055-01-01derived
AustraliaIn copyright2055-01-01derived
JapanIn copyright2055-01-01derived

Rule trace

How we got there

United Statesus-published-maximum-term-expired
  1. The work was first published in 1923.
  2. Even if every available extension or restoration applied, the maximum 95-year publication term has ended.
  3. The public domain date is 2019-01-01 (1 January 2019).

Source: U.S. Copyright Office, Duration of Copyright

United Kingdomuk-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 1984.
  2. The life plus 70-year term gives 2055-01-01 (1 January 2055).

Source: UK Intellectual Property Office, duration of copyright

European Unioneu-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 1984.
  2. The life plus 70-year term gives 2055-01-01 (1 January 2055).

Source: EUR-Lex, Directive 2006/116/EC

Canadaca-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 1984.
  2. The work had not entered the public domain when Canada extended the general term to life plus 70 years.
  3. The public domain date is 2055-01-01 (1 January 2055).

Source: Government of Canada, Copyright Act

Australiaau-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 1984.
  2. The life plus 70-year term applies.
  3. The public domain date is 2055-01-01 (1 January 2055).

Source: National Library of Australia, copyright duration

Japanjp-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 1984.
  2. The life plus 70-year term applies.
  3. The public domain date is 2055-01-01 (1 January 2055).

Source: Japan Agency for Cultural Affairs, term extension questions

Practical scope

What this result does and does not cover

  • A public domain result supports reuse of the original expression covered by this record in the named jurisdiction.
  • Check translations, editions, arrangements, performances, recordings, restorations, artwork and adaptations separately.
  • Trademark, moral rights, privacy, publicity, contract and cultural heritage rules can still apply.

Evidence

Sources