Direct answer
Status by jurisdiction
United States: Public domain since 2007-01-01 (1 January 2007), under us-published-maximum-term-expired.
United Kingdom: Public domain since 1976-01-01 (1 January 1976), under uk-life-70.
European Union: Public domain since 1976-01-01 (1 January 1976), under eu-life-70.
Canada: Public domain since 1956-01-01 (1 January 1956), under ca-non-revival-life-50.
Australia: Public domain since 1956-01-01 (1 January 1956), under au-non-revival-life-50.
Japan: Public domain since 1956-01-01 (1 January 1956), under jp-non-revival-life-50.
| Jurisdiction | Status | Public domain date | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Public domain | 2007-01-01 | derived |
| United Kingdom | Public domain | 1976-01-01 | derived |
| European Union | Public domain | 1976-01-01 | derived |
| Canada | Public domain | 1956-01-01 | derived |
| Australia | Public domain | 1956-01-01 | derived |
| Japan | Public domain | 1956-01-01 | derived |
Rule trace
How we got there
United Statesus-published-maximum-term-expired
- The work was first published in 1911.
- Even if every available extension or restoration applied, the maximum 95-year publication term has ended.
- The public domain date is 2007-01-01 (1 January 2007).
United Kingdomuk-life-70
- The last relevant creator died in 1905.
- The life plus 70-year term gives 1976-01-01 (1 January 1976).
Source: UK Intellectual Property Office, duration of copyright
European Unioneu-life-70
- The last relevant creator died in 1905.
- The life plus 70-year term gives 1976-01-01 (1 January 1976).
Source: EUR-Lex, Directive 2006/116/EC
Canadaca-non-revival-life-50
- The last relevant creator died in 1905.
- The work had already entered the public domain before the 2022 term extension and was not revived.
- The public domain date is 1956-01-01 (1 January 1956).
Australiaau-non-revival-life-50
- The last relevant creator died in 1905.
- The work was already out of copyright when the term changed in 2005 and was not revived.
- The public domain date is 1956-01-01 (1 January 1956).
Japanjp-non-revival-life-50
- The last relevant creator died in 1905.
- The former term had expired before the 2018 extension and was not revived.
- The public domain date is 1956-01-01 (1 January 1956).
Source: Japan Agency for Cultural Affairs, term extension questions
Practical scope
What this result does and does not cover
- A public domain result supports reuse of the original expression covered by this record in the named jurisdiction.
- Check translations, editions, arrangements, performances, recordings, restorations, artwork and adaptations separately.
- Trademark, moral rights, privacy, publicity, contract and cultural heritage rules can still apply.
Evidence
Sources
- Wikidata structured record, retrieved 2026-09-12
- Project Gutenberg catalogue, retrieved 2026-09-12