Public Domain Status

literary ยท first published 1987

Beloved (1987), Toni Morrison

Novel first published in 1987.

In copyright in the United States

Direct answer

Status by jurisdiction

United States: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090), in 63 years and 3 months, under us-life-70.

United Kingdom: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090), in 63 years and 3 months, under uk-life-70.

European Union: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090), in 63 years and 3 months, under eu-life-70.

Canada: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090), in 63 years and 3 months, under ca-life-70.

Australia: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090), in 63 years and 3 months, under au-life-70.

Japan: In copyright. The calculated public-domain date is 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090), in 63 years and 3 months, under jp-life-70.

JurisdictionStatusPublic domain dateConfidence
United StatesIn copyright2090-01-01derived
United KingdomIn copyright2090-01-01derived
European UnionIn copyright2090-01-01derived
CanadaIn copyright2090-01-01derived
AustraliaIn copyright2090-01-01derived
JapanIn copyright2090-01-01derived

Rule trace

How we got there

United Statesus-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 2019.
  2. The applicable life plus 70-year term gives 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090).

Source: U.S. Copyright Office, Duration of Copyright

United Kingdomuk-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 2019.
  2. The life plus 70-year term gives 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090).

Source: UK Intellectual Property Office, duration of copyright

European Unioneu-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 2019.
  2. The life plus 70-year term gives 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090).

Source: EUR-Lex, Directive 2006/116/EC

Canadaca-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 2019.
  2. The work had not entered the public domain when Canada extended the general term to life plus 70 years.
  3. The public domain date is 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090).

Source: Government of Canada, Copyright Act

Australiaau-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 2019.
  2. The life plus 70-year term applies.
  3. The public domain date is 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090).

Source: National Library of Australia, copyright duration

Japanjp-life-70
  1. The last relevant creator died in 2019.
  2. The life plus 70-year term applies.
  3. The public domain date is 2090-01-01 (1 January 2090).

Source: Japan Agency for Cultural Affairs, term extension questions

Practical scope

What this result does and does not cover

  • A public domain result supports reuse of the original expression covered by this record in the named jurisdiction.
  • Check translations, editions, arrangements, performances, recordings, restorations, artwork and adaptations separately.
  • Trademark, moral rights, privacy, publicity, contract and cultural heritage rules can still apply.

Evidence

Sources